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1995-07-25
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<HEAD>
<TITLE>
200.guide/Communications (Russia 2. usage)</TITLE>
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<BODY>
<PRE>
Communications (Russia 2. usage)
================================
Telecommunications:
NMT-450 analog cellular telephone networks are opertional in Moscow and St.
Petersburg; expanding access to international E-mail service via Sprint
networks; the inadequacy of Russian telecommunications is a severe handicap
to the economy, especially with respect to international connections; total
installed telephones 24,400,000, of which in urban areas 20,900,000 and in
rural areas 3,500,000; of these, total installed in homes 15,400,000; total
pay phones for long distant calls 34,100; telephone density is about 164
telephones per 1,000 persons; international traffic is handled by an
inadequate system of satellites, land lines, microwave radio relay and
outdated submarine cables; this traffic passes through the international
gateway switch in Moscow which carries most of the international traffic for
the other countries of the Confederation of Independent States; a new
Russian Raduga satellite will soon link Moscow and St. Petersburg with Rome
from whence calls will be relayed to destinations in Europe and overseas;
satellite ground stations - INTELSAT, Intersputnik, Eutelsat (Moscow),
INMARSAT, Orbita; broadcast stations - 1,050 AM/FM/SW (reach 98.6% of
population), 7,183 TV; receiving sets - 54,200,000 TV, 48,800,000 radio
receivers; intercity fiberoptic cables installation remains limited
</PRE>
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